In recent years, the use of various polymer composites in the aerospace, marine, and automotive industries have expanded due to their low weight and high mechanical strength. Due to hard phases and layered-type material structure, problems like poor surface quality, high cutting forces, and severe Tool wear occur in the drilling of carbon fiber reinforced composites. A method that can reduce the mentioned effects in CFRP drilling is using ultrasonic waves in the drilling. In this paper, the idea of using a non-Rotating vibratory Tool ultrasonic method for drilling CFRP has been introduced and the effect of exerting ultrasonic waves on non-Rotating drilling Tool has been studied. The composite specimens were prepared by the layering method under load. The design of experiments using the Taguchi method was carried out, the optimal drilling parameters were determined, and the effects of ultrasonic on the surface roughness, surface quality (delamination, cracks, un-cut fibers), and cutting forces were investigated. The results indicated that ultrasonic waves in CFRP drilling could significantly reduce surface roughness (up to 49% surface roughness improvement) and the average axial force could decrease up to 57% compared with the condition that no ultrasonic waves have applied. Delamination of the drilled surface also decreased with the use of ultrasonic waves. This indicates that the idea of non-Rotating ultrasonic Tool can have similar effects as a Rotating ultrasonic Tool in drilling CFRPs.

Nowadays, ease of accessibility to natural oil and gas wells has fallen significantly due to continuous drilling operations. The increasing demand for oil and gas has pushed drilling and exploration industry to drill ultra-deep or use complex methods like horizontal or directional drilling to reach for the oil and gas in deeper level. However, due to more complex conditions in these wells, Rods generally fail. This failure occurs in rod joints as they are the weakest link. In this research, API NC46 standard Tool joint has been investigated considering real oil well condition. The goal is to find the weakest points in the drilling rod and present an economical and practical solution to increase the life time. Results show that the maximum stress occurs in the first engaged thread of pin and last engaged thread of box which makes these areas more vulnerable. In the following, using optimization of joint main parameters including threads geometry, make-up torque and shoulder sealing design, a new plan will be presented which has higher fatigue life than the similar API standard Tool joint. Maximum stress concentration factor of improved Tool joints relatively decrease from 3.47 to 2.86 compared to standard joint. In addition, experimental tests show that the average fatigue life of improved joint is 2.3 times more than the standard Tool joint.

Aims The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been one of the most effective, the safest and cost-effective methods for preventing pregnancy, for a long time. However, some complications have been reported for IUDs. The complications may be reduced by using a specific technique for placement of IUD. The objective of this study was to introduce the Rotating withdrawal technique for the first time, which was investigated to reduce the complications of IUD insertion. Materials & Methods This historical cohort study was conducted on 1199 females who referred to Sarem Medical Center for IUD insertion from 1984 to 1995. After primary examinations, IUD was inserted by Rotating withdrawal technique. The subjects were followed up for 2 years. Findings Displacement was observed just in 20 cases (1. 67%). All of them were seen in the first month after placement. For these cases, IUD insertion was done again. After the second replacement, displacement was observed in 4 cases (0. 035%) after one month. Therefore, it was recommended to them to use another preventive method. There was no pregnancy or displacement in the other cases during 2 years. Conclusion The Rotating withdrawal technique can minimize the pregnancy rate when IUD is used. In addition to the type and quality of IUD, insertion method of IUD can increase its effectiveness.

In this research, a Rotating solar still that uses external bottom reflectors was experimentally investigated. The solar still and reflectors have the capability to shift their angle with respect to the south and the reflectors have the capability to shift their angle with respect to the horizon. The experiment has been performed in both fixed and Rotating states. For the fixed state the solar still was placed toward south and the reflectors were set in such a way to reflect sun rays on the bottom surface of the basin at solar noon. For Rotating state, the solar still and reflectors were set manually every half an hour in such a way to reflect sun rays on the bottom surface of the basin and the system was directed toward the sun all the time. The experiments were performed from November to December for 27 days. Sunny days results indicated that on average, distilled water gained using Rotating mode was about 64% more than the fixed mode. Both the Rotating and fixed mode yield for two cloudy days with respect to the average yield of sunny days decreased by 47 and 53%, respectively.

In this research, in order to investigate the effect of the piezoelectric patch which is used as a sensor or actuator in Rotating flexible structures such as a helicopter blade, the free vibrations of the Rotating rectangular sheet with and without the piezoelectric patch have been presented. First-order shear deformation theory is considered for plate displacement and piezoelectric field. Considering the effect of Coriolis acceleration, centrifugal acceleration and centrifugal in-plane forces, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle and the electromechanical couple equation is obtained from Maxwell's equation. For piezoelectric, two electrical conditions, open circuit and closed circuit, which are used in sensors and actuators, respectively, have been considered. The equations are discretized with the help of the numerical method of generalized differential squares and the matrices of inertia mass, eccentricity, Coriolis and stiffness matrix are obtained. Natural frequency values for beam and Rotating plate have been compared in Abaqus software. Also, the values obtained from the numerical solution in MATLAB have been verified with articles and ABAQUS, which have high accuracy. The effect of parameters such as hub radius, rotation speed, sheet thickness, aspect ratio, piezoelectric patch thickness and applied voltage on the natural frequency of the system has also been investigated.

In this article, turbulent flow and heat transfer in a Rotating duct is simulated numerically. The duct rotates about an axis perpendicular to its axis and causes secondary flows resulting from Coriolis and centrifugal forces. For rotation, the standard turbulent models are not able to predict the flow and heat transfer correctly. Therefore, modified turbulent models, including rotational effects, are implemented in the momentum and energy equations. The numerical results obtained for different models indicate that, Wilcox model is closer to the experimental available data.

Background and Objective: Responsiveness is one of the important properties of health-related questionnaires in demonstrating the changes in a patient's clinical conditions before and after therapy. The present study was carried out with the aim of assessing the responsiveness of the Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET) and determining its minimal clinically important difference in patients undergoing physical therapy interventions after meniscus injuries. Methods: This cross-sectional methodological study was performed on 100 patients aged 18-70 years with meniscus injuries who underwent physical therapy interventions. Patients completed WOMET and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaires in the first and tenth sessions. The minimum score obtained from the WOMET questionnaire was zero and the maximum was 1600, and the minimum score obtained from the KOOS questionnaire was zero and the maximum was 168. Internal and external responsiveness were the primary outcomes, and effect size tests, ROC curves, and correlation coefficients were used to examine them. The relationship between the WOMET and KOOS questionnaires were considered as secondary outcomes, which were evaluated by calculating the correlation coefficient. Findings: The results of internal responsiveness showed that the standardized response mean for the entire WOMET questionnaire was 0.11 (insignificant) and Cohen's d score for the entire WOMET questionnaire was -1.586 (large). The difference in the mean internal responsiveness between recovered (20%) and unrecovered (80%) patients reached a significant level (p<0.001). This questionnaire had an acceptable external responsiveness; the area under the curve of the ROC curve was greater and equal to 0.7 and the optimal cut-off point was 20.031 (p<0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between WOMET and KOOS questionnaires (except the emotions subscale) was moderate to large (0.5-0.8) with p<0.001. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the Persian version of the WOMET questionnaire has a high level of responsiveness and is a suitable Tool for evaluating the quality of life among patients suffering from meniscus injury.

Incremental forming is one of the forming methods that is considered because of no need to specific die, especially for rapid prototyping. In this study, the incremental forming process is carried out by using a Rotating Tool and assisted ultrasonic vibration. Purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of rotation speed and ultrasonic vibrations in the incremental forming process. According to the obtained results, mean and maximum values of forming force reduced by using a Rotating Tool and applying ultrasonic vibrations. The results of surface roughness tests demonstrated that by increasing rotational speed, the surface roughness improved 44% and applying ultrasonic vibrations with Tool rotation can reduce surface roughness about 74%. Applying ultrasonic vibrations lead to increase micro-hardness up to 84%, but, by increasing rotational speed, surface hardness slightly reduces. Results of straight groove test determined ultrasonic vibrations with the Rotating Tool can increase stretching limit up to 41. 79% due to the affect on the sheet plasticity behavior.